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  Drug Interactions with Azithromycin in Dogs & Cats (Respiratory Infections) ✅ Synergistic Azithromycin + Beta‑lactams (e.g., amoxicillin) Combining a bacteriostatic macrolide with a bactericidal beta‑lactam provides complementary mechanisms of action and broader bacterial coverage, making this combination synergistic in mixed respiratory infections. [msdvetmanual.com] Azithromycin + Atovaquone (in dogs/cats for Babesia) These drugs are frequently used together, especially in canine babesiosis, due to complementary effects targeting different pathogen stages. [wedgewood.com] , [veterinary...er.vin.com] ➕ Additive QT‑prolonging agents (fluoroquinolones like enrofloxacin/pradofloxacin, antiarrhythmics such as sotalol, ondansetron) Concurrent use with azithromycin increases the risk of QT prolongation, leading to additive cardiac effects. [marvistavet.com] , [wedgewood.com] , [merckvetmanual.com] NSAIDs Co-administration (e.g., with carprofen, meloxicam) may inc...

  Phases of Anesthesia and Isoflurane Concentration Phase of Anesthesia Dog Cat Notes Induction 3% – 5% 3% – 5% Administered with high oxygen flow to rapidly achieve unconsciousness after sedation. Commonly delivered via mask during induction, especially in cats. Maintenance 1.5% – 2.5% 1.5% – 2.5% Once the patient is stable and intubated, reduce to the lowest effective concentration to maintain surgical anesthesia. Dog Parameter Normal Range Temperature 100.5–102.5 °F (38.1–39.2 °C) Heart Rate Puppies: 120–160 bpm Small: 100–140 bpm Medium: 80–120 bpm Large: 60–100 bpm Respiratory Rate 10–30 breaths/min Blood Pressure Systolic: 110–160 mmHg Diastolic: 60–90 mmHg MAP: 85–120 mmHg SpO₂ 95–100% 🐱 Cat Parameter Normal Range Temperature 100.5–102.5 °F (38.1–39.2 °C) Heart Rate 140–220 bpm Respiratory Rate 20–30 breaths/min Blood Pressure Systolic: 120–170 mmHg Diastolic: 70–120 mmHg MAP: ~100 mmHg SpO₂ 1. Synergistic Combinations...